Ugly History: The 1937 Haitian Massacre - Edward Paulino
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When historians talk about the atrocities of the 20th century, we often think of those that took place during and between the two World Wars. But two months before the Rape of Nanking in China, and a year before Kristallnacht in Germany, a horrific ethnic cleansing campaign occurred on an island between the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. Edward Paulino details the 1937 Haitian Massacre.
Additional Resources for you to Explore
This article, 80 Years On, Dominicans And Haitians Revisit Painful Memories Of Parsley Massacre will provide more information about this massacre and its long-term effects on the people in the area. How can someone who pronounces the word "parsley" differently than another person end up being the victim of a massacre? Click here and learn more about this horrific story.
How are the relations between the Dominican Republic and Haiti today? This article and audio recording from NPR will answer this question! What is this border like today? Click here and find out.
What else is happening today on the island of Hispaniola? This article might offer some insight into this! The Dominican Republic and Haiti: one island, two nations, lots of trouble is also another resource to consider.
This book written by the educator also addresses the massacre, along with the following titles:
Alexis, Jacques Stephen. General Sun, My Brother. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1999.
Alvarez, Julia. In the Time of the Butterflies. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Press, 2010.
Baud, Michel, Roberto Cassá, Raymundo González, and Pedro San Miguel, eds. Política, identidad y pensamiento social en la República Dominicana siglos xix y xx. Madrid: Dos Calles, 1999.
Bickel, Keith B. Mars Learning: The Marine Corps Development of Small Wars Doctrine, 1915–194 0. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2001.
Calder, Bruce. Impact of Intervention: The Dominican Republic during the U.S. Occupation of 1916 –1924. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1984.
Candelario, Ginetta E. B. Black behind the Ears: Dominican Racial Identity from Museums to Beauty Shops. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007.
Castor, Suzy. Migraciones y relaciones internacionales: el caso haitiano-dominicano. Mexico City: Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Estudios Latinoamericanos, 1983.
Chez Checo, José. La República Dominicana y Haití: Síntesis histórica de su problema fronterizo. Santo Domingo: Colección Historia Total, 1997.
Complete Presidential Press Conferences of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Vols. 9–10, 1937. New York: Da Capo Press, 1972
Cuello Hernández, José Israel. Documentos del conflicto domínico-haitiano de 1937. Santo Domingo: Editora Taller, 1985
Danticat, Edwidge. The Farming of Bones. New York: Soho, 1998.
Derby, Lauren. The Dictator’s Seduction: Politics and the Popular Imagination in the Era o f Tr u j i l l o. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2009.
Derby, Lauren. “Haitians, Magic, and Money: Raza and Society in the Haitian–Dominican Borderlands, 1900–1937.” Comparative Studies in Society and History (July 1994): 488–526
Díaz, Junot. The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao. New York: Riverhead Trade, 1998.
Dubois, Laurent, and John D. Garrigus. Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004
Franco, Franklin J., Historia del pueblo dominicano. Vol. 2. Santo Domingo: Editora Ta l le r, 19 9 2 .
Fumagalli, Maria Cristina. On the Edge: Writing the Border Between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press, 2015.
Galíndez, Jesús de. The Era of Trujillo: Dominican Dictator. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 1973.
García, Juan Manuel. La Matanza de los haitianos. Genocidio de Trujillo, 1937. Santo Domingo: Alfa and Omega, 1983
García Peña, Lorgia. The Borders of Dominicanidad: Race, Nation, and Archives of Contradiction. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016.
Geggus, David R., ed. The Impact of the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic World. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2001
Hoetink, Harry. The Dominican People 1850–1900. Notes for a Historical Sociology. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.
Howard, David. Colouring the Nation: Race and Ethnicity in the Dominican Republic. Oxford: Signal Books Limited, 2001
Inquiry into Occupation and Administration of Haiti and Santo Domingo. Statements by Haitians and Dominicans, and U.S. Senators. U.S. Senate Hearings before a Select Committee on Haiti and Santo Domingo, 67th Congress, 1st and 2nd Session,
1922.
Jimenes-Grullón, J. I. Dos actitudes ante el problema domínico-haitiano. El sentido de una política (la voz de la tiranía de Trujillo). Havana: Unión Democrática Anti-Nazista Dominicana, 1943.
Lockward, Alanna. Un Haití dominicano. Tatuajes fantasmas y narrativas bilaterales (1994 –2014). Santo Domingo: Editorial Santuario, 2014.
Lozano, Wilfredo. La cuestión haitiana en Santo Domingo: Migración internacional, desarrollo y relaciones inter-estatales entre Haití y República Dominicana. Miami, FL: FLACSO, 1992.
Manley. Elizabeth S. The Politics of Paternalism: Women and the Politics of Authoritarianism in the Dominican Republic. Gainesville, FL: The University Press of Florida, 2017.
Martínez, Samuel. “Not a Cockfight: Rethinking Haitian-Dominican Relations.” Latin American Perspectives 30, no. 3 (May 2003): 80-101.
Mateo, Andrés L. Mito y cultura en la era de Trujillo. Santo Domingo: Librería Trinitaria e Instituto del Libro, 1993.
Martinez-Vergne, Teresita. Nation and Citizen in the Dominican Republic, 1880–1916. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.
Mayes, April J. The Mulatto Republic: Class, Race, and Dominican National Identity. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2014
Moya Pons, Frank. The Dominican Republic: A National History. New York: Hispaniola Books, 1995
Nessler, Graham T. An Islandwide Struggle for Freedom: Revolution, Emancipation, and Reenslavement in Hispaniola, 1789-1809. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 2016.
Paulino, Edward. Dividing Hispaniola: the Dominican Republic’s Border Campaign against Haiti, 1930-1961. Pittsburgh, PA: The University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016.
Peguero, Valentina. The Militarization of Culture in the Dominican Republic, from the Captains General to General Trujillo. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2004.
Prestol Castillo, Freddy. El masacre se pasa a pie. Santo Domingo: Editora Taller, 1973.
Price Mars, Jean. La República de Haití y la República Dominicana. Diversos aspectos de un problema histórico, geográfico, y etnológico. Vol. 1. Puerto Principe: Industrias
Gráficas España, 1953.
Ramirez, Dixa. Colonial Phantoms: Belonging and Refusal in the Dominican Americas, from the 19th Century to the Present. NY: New York University Press, 2018.
Renda, Mary A. Taking Haiti: Military Occupation and the Culture of U.S. Imperialism, 1915–194 0. Durham, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
Roorda, Eric Paul. The Dictator Next Door: The Good Neighbor Policy and the Trujillo Regime in the Dominican Republic, 1930–1945. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998.
Sagás, Ernesto. Race and Politics in the Dominican Republic. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2000
San Miguel, Pedro L. The Imagined Island: History, Identity, and Utopia in Hispaniola. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.
Simmons, Kimberly Eison. Reconstructing Racial Identity and the African Past in the Dominican Republic. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2009
Suarez, Lucía M. The Tears of Hispaniola: Haitian and Dominican Diaspora Memories.
Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2006.
Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History. Boston: Beacon Press, 1995.
Turit, Richard. The Foundations of Despotism: Peasants, the Trujillo Regime, and Modernity in Dominican History. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.
Vargas Llosa, Mario. La fiesta del chivo. Madrid: Alfaguara, 2000.
Vega, Bernardo. Nazismo, fascismo, y falangismo en la República Dominicana. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1986.
Vega, Bernardo. Trujillo y Haití. Vol. 1. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1988.
Wucker, Michele. Why the Cocks Fight: Dominicans, Haitians, and the Struggle for Hispaniola. NY: Hill and Wang, 2000.
How are the relations between the Dominican Republic and Haiti today? This article and audio recording from NPR will answer this question! What is this border like today? Click here and find out.
What else is happening today on the island of Hispaniola? This article might offer some insight into this! The Dominican Republic and Haiti: one island, two nations, lots of trouble is also another resource to consider.
This book written by the educator also addresses the massacre, along with the following titles:
Alexis, Jacques Stephen. General Sun, My Brother. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1999.
Alvarez, Julia. In the Time of the Butterflies. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Press, 2010.
Baud, Michel, Roberto Cassá, Raymundo González, and Pedro San Miguel, eds. Política, identidad y pensamiento social en la República Dominicana siglos xix y xx. Madrid: Dos Calles, 1999.
Bickel, Keith B. Mars Learning: The Marine Corps Development of Small Wars Doctrine, 1915–194 0. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2001.
Calder, Bruce. Impact of Intervention: The Dominican Republic during the U.S. Occupation of 1916 –1924. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1984.
Candelario, Ginetta E. B. Black behind the Ears: Dominican Racial Identity from Museums to Beauty Shops. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007.
Castor, Suzy. Migraciones y relaciones internacionales: el caso haitiano-dominicano. Mexico City: Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Estudios Latinoamericanos, 1983.
Chez Checo, José. La República Dominicana y Haití: Síntesis histórica de su problema fronterizo. Santo Domingo: Colección Historia Total, 1997.
Complete Presidential Press Conferences of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Vols. 9–10, 1937. New York: Da Capo Press, 1972
Cuello Hernández, José Israel. Documentos del conflicto domínico-haitiano de 1937. Santo Domingo: Editora Taller, 1985
Danticat, Edwidge. The Farming of Bones. New York: Soho, 1998.
Derby, Lauren. The Dictator’s Seduction: Politics and the Popular Imagination in the Era o f Tr u j i l l o. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2009.
Derby, Lauren. “Haitians, Magic, and Money: Raza and Society in the Haitian–Dominican Borderlands, 1900–1937.” Comparative Studies in Society and History (July 1994): 488–526
Díaz, Junot. The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao. New York: Riverhead Trade, 1998.
Dubois, Laurent, and John D. Garrigus. Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004
Franco, Franklin J., Historia del pueblo dominicano. Vol. 2. Santo Domingo: Editora Ta l le r, 19 9 2 .
Fumagalli, Maria Cristina. On the Edge: Writing the Border Between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press, 2015.
Galíndez, Jesús de. The Era of Trujillo: Dominican Dictator. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 1973.
García, Juan Manuel. La Matanza de los haitianos. Genocidio de Trujillo, 1937. Santo Domingo: Alfa and Omega, 1983
García Peña, Lorgia. The Borders of Dominicanidad: Race, Nation, and Archives of Contradiction. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016.
Geggus, David R., ed. The Impact of the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic World. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2001
Hoetink, Harry. The Dominican People 1850–1900. Notes for a Historical Sociology. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.
Howard, David. Colouring the Nation: Race and Ethnicity in the Dominican Republic. Oxford: Signal Books Limited, 2001
Inquiry into Occupation and Administration of Haiti and Santo Domingo. Statements by Haitians and Dominicans, and U.S. Senators. U.S. Senate Hearings before a Select Committee on Haiti and Santo Domingo, 67th Congress, 1st and 2nd Session,
1922.
Jimenes-Grullón, J. I. Dos actitudes ante el problema domínico-haitiano. El sentido de una política (la voz de la tiranía de Trujillo). Havana: Unión Democrática Anti-Nazista Dominicana, 1943.
Lockward, Alanna. Un Haití dominicano. Tatuajes fantasmas y narrativas bilaterales (1994 –2014). Santo Domingo: Editorial Santuario, 2014.
Lozano, Wilfredo. La cuestión haitiana en Santo Domingo: Migración internacional, desarrollo y relaciones inter-estatales entre Haití y República Dominicana. Miami, FL: FLACSO, 1992.
Manley. Elizabeth S. The Politics of Paternalism: Women and the Politics of Authoritarianism in the Dominican Republic. Gainesville, FL: The University Press of Florida, 2017.
Martínez, Samuel. “Not a Cockfight: Rethinking Haitian-Dominican Relations.” Latin American Perspectives 30, no. 3 (May 2003): 80-101.
Mateo, Andrés L. Mito y cultura en la era de Trujillo. Santo Domingo: Librería Trinitaria e Instituto del Libro, 1993.
Martinez-Vergne, Teresita. Nation and Citizen in the Dominican Republic, 1880–1916. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.
Mayes, April J. The Mulatto Republic: Class, Race, and Dominican National Identity. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2014
Moya Pons, Frank. The Dominican Republic: A National History. New York: Hispaniola Books, 1995
Nessler, Graham T. An Islandwide Struggle for Freedom: Revolution, Emancipation, and Reenslavement in Hispaniola, 1789-1809. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 2016.
Paulino, Edward. Dividing Hispaniola: the Dominican Republic’s Border Campaign against Haiti, 1930-1961. Pittsburgh, PA: The University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016.
Peguero, Valentina. The Militarization of Culture in the Dominican Republic, from the Captains General to General Trujillo. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2004.
Prestol Castillo, Freddy. El masacre se pasa a pie. Santo Domingo: Editora Taller, 1973.
Price Mars, Jean. La República de Haití y la República Dominicana. Diversos aspectos de un problema histórico, geográfico, y etnológico. Vol. 1. Puerto Principe: Industrias
Gráficas España, 1953.
Ramirez, Dixa. Colonial Phantoms: Belonging and Refusal in the Dominican Americas, from the 19th Century to the Present. NY: New York University Press, 2018.
Renda, Mary A. Taking Haiti: Military Occupation and the Culture of U.S. Imperialism, 1915–194 0. Durham, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
Roorda, Eric Paul. The Dictator Next Door: The Good Neighbor Policy and the Trujillo Regime in the Dominican Republic, 1930–1945. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998.
Sagás, Ernesto. Race and Politics in the Dominican Republic. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2000
San Miguel, Pedro L. The Imagined Island: History, Identity, and Utopia in Hispaniola. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.
Simmons, Kimberly Eison. Reconstructing Racial Identity and the African Past in the Dominican Republic. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2009
Suarez, Lucía M. The Tears of Hispaniola: Haitian and Dominican Diaspora Memories.
Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2006.
Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History. Boston: Beacon Press, 1995.
Turit, Richard. The Foundations of Despotism: Peasants, the Trujillo Regime, and Modernity in Dominican History. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.
Vargas Llosa, Mario. La fiesta del chivo. Madrid: Alfaguara, 2000.
Vega, Bernardo. Nazismo, fascismo, y falangismo en la República Dominicana. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1986.
Vega, Bernardo. Trujillo y Haití. Vol. 1. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1988.
Wucker, Michele. Why the Cocks Fight: Dominicans, Haitians, and the Struggle for Hispaniola. NY: Hill and Wang, 2000.
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Meet The Creators
- Educator Edward Paulino
- Director Tomás Pichardo-Espaillat
- Script Editor Alex Gendler
- Animator Tomás Pichardo-Espaillat
- Composer Cem Misirlioglu, Brooks Ball
- Associate Producer Elizabeth Cox, Jessica Ruby
- Content Producer Gerta Xhelo
- Editorial Producer Alex Rosenthal
- Narrator Addison Anderson
