If you've ever heard people colloquially discuss using "reverse psychology"—the manipulative technique of advocating for the opposite of what you actually want someone else to do—then you're already moderately familiar with the concept of reactance theory. Reactance theory was first proposed in a 1966 paper by Jack W. Brehm, whose work stemmed from studies on cognitive dissonance theory. Both theories examine how discrepancies between attitudes and behaviors are resolved. Reactance theory, however, posits that individuals will be motivated to protect their autonomy when they feel it is being threatened. Hence the trope of the rebellious teenager who will do the very opposite of what their parent directs them to do, and the need to enlist reverse psychology to effect a desired action.  

Reactance has been observed in many arenas, from adolescent behavior, to public health, to romantic relationships, where the phenomenon has been termed the "Romeo and Juliet effect." And yet, follow-up studies of these reactant, rebellious lovers have shown that increases in approval of romantic partners from close friends and family is in fact correlated with greater love and commitment in those relationships. Psychologists are still untangling the ways in which our social spheres interact with our reactant impulses. However, if you would like some helpful tips on how to counter reactance in your daily communications, take a look at this short video on Persuasion Psychology.      

Next Section »