You can read Frank Jackson’s original paper on his thought experiment, as well a follow-up paper that responds to a few criticisms of it. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is a useful resource for a rigorous description of qualia and the knowledge argument, as well as physicalism and other philosophical concepts.

Neuroscientists V. S. Ramachandran and Edward Hubbard may have found the closest real-world analogue of Mary in a colorblind synesthete who does not have fully functional color receptors but nevertheless experiences color in response to numbers. Based on this example, Hubbard and Ramachandran argue that Mary, too, would experience color in some way.