The building of subway systems, often known as metros, should be viewed in the wider context of the development of railroads across the world. The first lines, including the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in the UK and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in the United States, were developed in 1830. Within a few years, many other nations followed suit.

Until then, no one had traveled faster than a galloping horse. Now, whole states—and nations—could be crossed in less than a day. The changes this brought about affected every aspect of life in the second half of the 19^th century. On an economic level, industries grew into much larger enterprises. On a social and cultural level, people were now able to travel long distances for vacation. The railways ruled the world for about a century until they were displaced by the motor car and, later, the airplane. But they still play a vital role in the 21^st century, such as carrying a large proportion of America’s freight, which continues to help cities function efficiently.

To learn more about the London Underground, check out the Subterranean Railway, written by the educator. Other publications about the evolution of transportations systems include Blood, Iron, and Gold and The Great Railroad Revolution.

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