Neuroscientist Daniel Wolpert starts from a surprising premise: the brain evolved not to think or feel but to control movement. In his TED Talk, he gives us a glimpse into how the brain creates the grace and agility of human motion.Karl Deisseroth is the Professor of Bioengineering and of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University. He is known for creating, developing, and disseminating the technology of optogenetics.Gene therapy is the use of DNA as a pharmaceutical agent to treat disease.A neuron is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.CNN article from January 7, 2013 by Leonard Mlodlnow on "How to 'take over' a brain" explores the explosion in the research of neuroscience and our understanding of the brain by the technology of optogenetics.Optogenetics is a neuromodulation technique employed in behavioral neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control the activity of individual neurons in living tissue and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time.Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a breakdown of thought processes and by a deficit of typical emotional responses. Common symptoms include auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions, or disorganized speech and thinking, and it is accompanied by significant social or occupational dysfunction.In this TED-Ed original video and Lesson, Peggy Andover explains how the brain can associate unrelated stimuli and responses, proved by Ivan Pavlov's famous 1890 experiments, and how reinforcement and punishment can result in changed behavior.Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that some people get after seeing or living through a dangerous event.Dopamine, a simple organic chemical, is a monoamine neurotransmitter and hormone, which has a number of important physiological roles in the bodies of animals. Dopamine plays a major role in the brain system that is responsible for reward-driven learning

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