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The psychology of post-traumatic stress disorder - Joelle Maletis

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Many of us will experience some kind of trauma during our lifetime. Sometimes, we escape with no long-term effects. But for millions of people, those experiences linger, causing symptoms like flashbacks, nightmares, and negative thoughts that interfere with everyday life. Joelle Rabow Maletis details the science behind post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD.

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  • Educator Joelle Maletis
  • Director Tomás Pichardo-Espaillat
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Trauma is any negative life event in which the brain perceives a real sense of danger, horror, and helplessness. PTSD occurs when people are directly exposed to, repeatedly exposed to, or witness horrific events, such as death, abuse, domestic violence, or war. During these events, the body’s stress response kicks into overdrive. Studies show that women are more likely to experience sexual abuse as children, whereas men are more likely to experience physical assault or witness death.

A person’s PTSD symptoms may prove indiscernible to others. When people are reliving their trauma, they sometimes stare off into space as if they are watching a movie. This is known as the “thousand-yard stare” and is typically the only observable symptom.

Prompted by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the brain sends alert signals to prepare the body to ward off danger. This survival instinct reaction is called the hyperarousal acute stress response, or, as it’s more commonly called, the fight-flight-freeze response. This reduces overall brain functioning. PTSD is considered an anxiety-based disorder with symptoms that fall into in four categories: intrusive thoughts, like dreams and flashbacks; avoiding reminders of the trauma; negative thoughts and feelings of fear, anger, horror, shame and guilt; and “reactive” symptoms like irritability, self-destructive behaviors, physical outbursts, and difficulty sleeping. Not everyone with PTSD has all of these symptoms, and they tend to vary in form and intensity from person to person. Sometimes symptoms disappear completely and resurface years later when the traumatic event is triggered again by another stimulus. When the symptoms last for more than a month, they are chronic, and diagnosed as PTSD.

The adaptability of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a key role in how our stress response engages when we’re exposed to a traumatic event. When the hypothalamus sends a message to the ANS, the bloodstream is flooded with several different stress hormones, such as cortisol. These hormones also release extremely high levels of natural opiates, which temporarily mask pain. A person may feel as if the event is occurring right now—their brains re-experience the traumatic event through surges of energy and intrusive thoughts. Severe anxiety can result as they experience a heightened sensitivity to potential dangers. Researchers found that people with PTSD continue to produce higher levels of stress hormones after the trauma is over, which may explain why emotional symptoms linger after the threat is gone.

Triggers are physical and emotional stimuli randomly associated with the traumatic experience. Sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch can act as triggers that cause a memory to light up the brain. Other examples of triggers include specific people, crowded places, songs, or emotions. When triggers are re-experienced, the brain sends signals to the body to prepare to defend itself against more trauma.

Because PTSD is repetitive and multilayered, triggers may cause false alarms. Some triggers are obvious to the person experiencing them and easy to understand. Others are buried in the subconscious, making it difficult to determine why the brain is overreacting. The triggered experience often causes depersonalization, which is when someone feels as if the memory is an out-of-body experience, or de-realization, when the experience feels unreal or distorted. When our warning signs are tripped, the ANS reengages our brain’s hypothalamus and the process starts over again.

People with PTSD tend to isolate themselves and can suffer from depression. In response, they avoid situations, events, and people that remind them of their trauma. Other mental illnesses can occur after experiencing a traumatic episode, such as substance abuse or panic attacks. Sufferers can be seen as “unable to cope.” Because of this, they may feel invalidated, ignored, and misunderstood.

PTSD is also known as the unseen or hidden wound. Those with PTSD say that they feel as if a pause button has been pushed on their life while the rest of the world moves on.

With social support, understanding, and empathy, people with PTSD can embrace their incredible personal strength, resiliency, and balance that they feel have been lost. Self-care, medication, mindfulness, and psychotherapy can help PTSD sufferers regain their self-esteem. Other exposure-based treatments, like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), group therapy, and psychotropic medication also help those experiencing PTSD.

PTSD can happen to anyone and is not a sign of weakness. With early detection, PTSD is significantly easier to treat. Know the warning signs of stress and PTSD before they feel out of control. To find out how to get help and support, click here.

In addition to being a prominent family and relationship psychotherapist and clinical director, the educator is also a published author who discusses military psychology, Behavioral Risk Threat Assessment, and wellness.
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Although we know there are several preexisting issues that are likely to play a role in determining who will experience PTSD, what could also contribute to developing PTSD? And how do we prevent PTSD from developing?
03/13/2018
Avatar for Jordyn Trollip
Jordyn Trollip • COMPLETED LESSON

Removing the negative stigma around PTSD. This will help victims and sufferers much more as they will probably be more open to talking about what is going on and how they are feeling. This will make it easier for them to get help.

07/01/2018
Avatar for la lahhaa
la lahhaa • COMPLETED LESSON

susceptibility,society,social event can also cause PTSD.Early detection and early ***********.excerise more . eat more healthy.

07/22/2018
Avatar for Seongeun Kim
Seongeun Kim • COMPLETED LESSON

I think isolation after a traumatic experience could contribute to developing PTSD. If we don't take care to those who had traumatic experiences, they are likely to be afraid of letting the others know about their symptoms and isolate themselves, thus stressing themselves even more. We need to pay attention to those who have experienced a traumatic situation, and provide emotional support so as to let them know they don't need to isolate themselves.

08/21/2018
Avatar for Eric Cipriano
Eric Cipriano • COMPLETED LESSON

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are in themselves traumatic. When a child is passing through key developmental phases - the ability to cope, self-esteem, confidence, communication skills, values, beliefs, etc. are being formed. If the child is experiencing trauma or extremely stressful situations, I would suspect that Acute Stress Disorder, as well as PTSD, are compounding each other.

Also, parents can model adjustment/adaption, but they can also indirectly teach maladjustment behaviors to the child, like using alcohol, illegal substances to self-medicate, or the avoidance of professional services - I suspect that this form of social learning will also contribute to the development of severe PTSD in adults.

We can prevent it by offering social support, early childhood education programs, and accessible mental health services to individuals who need it.

09/02/2018
Avatar for Victoria Elizabeth Martinez Ayala
Victoria Elizabeth Martinez Ayala • LESSON IN PROGRESS

Strong emotions, bad experiences throughout our lives, such as the death of a relative and this achieves an isolation from society, a trauma, different factors, a violation, violence. We can avoid PTSD, in my opinion, trying not to have stress, not allowing an event to affect us too many, achieving that mental strength or balance, knowing how it affects us and managing it, we do not think it can be avoided, but control

09/16/2018
Avatar for Oscar Ernesto Ascencio Orozco
Oscar Ernesto Ascencio Orozco • COMPLETED LESSON

This guideline is concerned with the diagnosis, early identification and *********** of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as defined in ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1992), code number F43.1. This disorder is one that people may develop in response to one or more traumatic events such as deliberate acts of interpersonal violence, severe accidents, disasters or military action. The guideline is concerned with the care of people for whom PTSD is the main problem after experiencing a traumatic event. The disorder can occur at any age, including childhood.

The best-validated diagnostic instruments, and most randomised controlled *********** trials of PTSD, use the stricter diagnostic criteria for PTSD of DSM–IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). However, this does not limit the applicability of the results for the purposes of this guideline. The available evidence suggests that *********** that are effective for PTSD as defined in DSM–IV are also effective for PTSD as defined i

02/18/2019
Avatar for Enrique Silva Med M
Enrique Silva Med M • COMPLETED LESSON

I think that something that can contribute to PTSD is to carry out activities or go to the places where the events took place. It is important to give guidance and support to these people, but above all it is essential to take them with a professional expert in the field.
Regarding how we can prevent the development of this PTSD is to raise awareness about this disorder and guide people about this problem, I think it is convenient to create campaigns or programs focused on this situation.

02/24/2019
Avatar for Sandra Miño
Sandra Miño • COMPLETED LESSON

i believe if the people are more opened minded, show more intresting in other human being we can help people without being a doctor

07/14/2019
Avatar for Kayla Sena
Kayla Sena • COMPLETED LESSON

Preventing PTSD from developing would be hard just because you can’t control everything that goes on around you. I do think that if something happens having support and knowing there is always someone there for you would go a long way in helping. I think the negative things that are said about PTSD contribute to the development of it.

09/11/2019
Avatar for Alison Wiegand
Alison Wiegand • COMPLETED LESSON

If you know a situation will be stressful and you have the choice, you should stay out of that situation. You should keep a good diet and exercise regularly. Mindfulness is also a huge help in relieving your stress.

03/27/2020
Avatar for Gracelyn Sorensen
Gracelyn Sorensen • COMPLETED LESSON

Things such as preexisting childhood trauma or mental illnesses could add to PTSD and make it more extreme. To help avoid PTSD we have to make sure that people are well taken care of, that they are i good homes, and to keep everyone safe as much as possible. If someone has been in a traumatizing experience before then it would likely help to keep them out of stressful situations.

03/27/2020
Avatar for Hannah Walder
Hannah Walder • COMPLETED LESSON

Make sure that you are taking good care of your body. Exercising and avoiding any negative stimuli, that may trigger a response. You should surround yourself with helpful caring people also.

03/27/2020
Avatar for Emma Swanson
Emma Swanson • COMPLETED LESSON

how you grew up

04/28/2020
Avatar for Abigail Swanson
Abigail Swanson • COMPLETED LESSON

You can't stop PTSD from developing, but you can change the way people feel about it. You can make people see that they're not alone, and the this disease doesn't define them.

04/28/2020
Avatar for Maddison Wiles
Maddison Wiles • COMPLETED LESSON

PTSD isn't something you can prevent, but it is something you can make people more aware of. You can get help for PTSD. The more people that are aware of it, the sooner people can get help and help others dealing with PTSD.

04/30/2020
Avatar for josh oxford
josh oxford • COMPLETED LESSON

In our society there is a stigma towards mental health. Because of this people are too afraid to speak out about their issues and instead of talking to people about how they feel and whats going on they will slide into dark places causing themselves pain in the long run. We need to continue to enforce that it is okay to not be okay and that people are willing to listen and help you if you give them a chance.

05/25/2020
Avatar for Rafaela Graciliano
Rafaela Graciliano • COMPLETED LESSON

Talking about it, in schools, families, improving social assistance in the public health shadervice, destigmatizing this subject and increasing the empathy to people that suffer. Because I think everybody pass for trauma and all of us know what is being is dangerous situations, in different levels, but everybody felt fear one day in life, and I guess remembering that all of us had experienced situations like this, we can practice more empathy to others.

07/10/2020
Avatar for Christian Cruzata
Christian Cruzata • COMPLETED LESSON

Social, family and even religious background play a key role in who we are and how we face life and the challenges that are part and parcel of life. Due to these and other facts, we are in some way fixed emotionally to react to certain events in our lives. I do believe that emotional intelligence can make a big difference between being enslaved by PTSD issues or being able to get over them. The problem is when one's emotional intelligence is hurt. Some people in such condition might have a rough time getting over their traumas.

09/08/2020
Avatar for Shawn Martin
Shawn Martin • COMPLETED LESSON

Ongoing and continual exposure to both the trauma and/or the trigger can contribute to the development of PTSD. PTSD can be prevented by avoiding exposure to traumatic events, which is not possible in all cases. Alternatively, those with PTSD need to be educated to learn what their triggers are and avoid them, if at all possible. If the patient is exposed to the trigger, and are aware that they have been, then they need to have been educated on ways to minimize the result of the exposure to the trigger, whether distraction, exercise, meditation or some other type of self-remedy.

09/09/2020
Avatar for Stephanie Clark
Stephanie Clark • COMPLETED LESSON

What could also contribute to developing PTSD is how the person dealt with that particular situation , if they didn't seek help or continue to pushed into that situation and cause them stress they will develop a response to that type of enviroment. For example if they isolated themselves after a tramuatic situation maybe every time they get stressed they will isolate themselves and seek back to that reaction, which is a negative reaction. We can prevent PTSD from developing by seeking help ASAP or finding positive ways to deal with situations and stressors in our life.

09/10/2020
Avatar for Laur En
Laur En • LESSON IN PROGRESS

I think after engaging in this TED talk it has taught me to remember to show empathy no matter what. I think by showing empathy it can change anyone's day and also help someone suffering. I think by having a positive attitude and utilizing coping skills and positive self- talk it can help from preventing getting PTSD.

09/10/2020
Avatar for Victoria Getz
Victoria Getz • COMPLETED LESSON

Having an incident shake your body to the core and reply on a endless cycle in your head that makes you feel trapped and no matter how fast you run it always sneaks up on you whether its a visual trigger, a nightmare, even smelling something can contribute to developing PTSD. Trying your best to avoid stress and managing ways to work through ones triggers may help one from deveolping PTSD. There are many negative stigmas about PTSD when there needs to be more positive awareness. Being there empathetically and being open-minded that mental health is something we as humans have and it just takes a little switch to tailgate emotional troubles. Knowing we are human and we all have different stories should open up others minds to want to be there for those that develop triggers, it is no ones fault and it can happen to anyone!

09/10/2020
Avatar for Deandra Lesanti
Deandra Lesanti • COMPLETED LESSON

I think we could normalize mental health issues, especially PTSD. As a person with PTSD, it’s often downplayed and told to “get over” when we can’t control that we get triggered and it effects us. I was in a really horrible car accident, so I have PTSD from the accident. The sounds of a crash, bad drivers, and driving are my triggers. Everyday things just set me off. I don’t believe you can really stop PTSD from developing, but you can help with the intensity of it and help the person experiencing it to cope.

09/10/2020
Avatar for Keanna Harris
Keanna Harris • LESSON IN PROGRESS

I think when people experience PTSD from certain traumas that they feel like their alone in their experience which causes them to shut people out and they end up dealing with it alone instead of reaching out. Fear contributes to PTSD development. I'm not sure we can prevent it but I do believe social support and understanding helps people through the experience so their not consumed by it, but I think it will always be there.

09/10/2020
Avatar for sarah jeziorski
sarah jeziorski • COMPLETED LESSON

Any type pf trauma can lead to PTSD. in order to avoid this the number one thing to do would be to avoid the trauma in general. to not put yourself into situations where bad things could happen and if they cannot be avoidied then early detection of the trauma and discussing it and getting help early on could possibly prevent it

09/11/2020
Avatar for Shaina Thomas
Shaina Thomas • COMPLETED LESSON

Traumatic events that causes fear or terror causes PTSD. These emotions causes your body to experience an increase in heartrate, breath rate and blood pressure. This is your fight or flight response to stress. In PTSD there are triggers that can cause the person to relive the event. These triggers can range from environmental factors to sensory. These can be prevented by recognizing the factors contributing to the triggers and if possible remove the factor, finding ways to cope with stressors, therapy and medication can help.

09/11/2020
Avatar for Trevor Nedea
Trevor Nedea • COMPLETED LESSON

Other contributing factors could be family upbringing, drug abuse, diet and nutrition. If a family is the trigger along with abuse of any kind being around the family can be extremely stressful to someone with PTSD. Drug abuse and the burn out of the catecholamine receptors in the body can lead to depression and spiral into PTSD and other mental health issues. Diet and nutrition plays a major role in our overall well being and mental health, inadequate nutrition can leave lasting impact on mental health especially Vitamin D. We can prevent PTSD by understanding more and beating the stimga off it by teaching and helping others to understand. We can also help with talking in public about mental health and where to go when someone needs someone or something to help. The more people know the more their willing to help.

09/11/2020
Avatar for Emily Leonard
Emily Leonard • COMPLETED LESSON

How you handle stress and how you learned to cope with stressful situations can effect to how you can develop PSTD. You can prevent PTSD by teaching people how to properly cope with stressful situations, and to seek help when a stressful situation occurs.

09/12/2020
Avatar for Eleanor Oliver
Eleanor Oliver • COMPLETED LESSON

A huge contributing factor to developing PTSD is the person's lack of support system. After a traumatic event, this person will need family, friends, or healthcare professionals to support them in getting through this dark time without internalizing any negative emotions.

09/12/2020
Avatar for Samantha Sly
Samantha Sly • COMPLETED LESSON

PTSD could be triggered by frequent levels of high stress and trauma. Also not having a good, stable support system during the traumatic experience could increase the risk that the individual will develop PTSD. Prevention of PTSD is not necessarily possible, but elimination of the stigma of discussing trauma and "the bad parts" of life may reduce the possibility of developing the full-blown disorder. If people discuss what happened to them and how they feel about the incident, they may be more likely to heal.

09/12/2020
Avatar for Raymond Lu
Raymond Lu • COMPLETED LESSON

I feel that a sense of isolation can contribute to the development and severity of PTSD. Going through trauma alone, without anyone to talk to about it, would amplify the negative symptoms that one would go through, and the feeling of isolation would increase due to those symptoms. Having support from those around you is important during times those times.

09/12/2020
Avatar for Kate Hassett
Kate Hassett • COMPLETED LESSON

Any stressful situation can have a person develop PTSD. How you handle your stressors and trauma can lead to PTSD. In order to prevent PTSD people need to be aware of their stressors and how to manage those. Having a good support system as well as reaching out to people when you need them or are feeling anxious will create the feeling that you are not alone.

09/12/2020
Avatar for Kristen Haley
Kristen Haley • COMPLETED LESSON

PTSD is a lifelong battle for a person who is experiencing it. Everyday they are faced with triggers that can immediately take them right back to the exact terrible situation that helped to put them there. Things that may seem so simple to a person not experiencing PTSD such as a sound, a song, a person, a fire, fireworks etc..can easily take a person with PTSD right back into time to that exact very moment. I think that one thing that can help prevent PTSD is also the same thing that can also help to develop PTSD if not done preventively...Therapy! I think too many people are embarrassed or ashamed to admit that they really need help and think they can just get through it by themselves. Not talking about their experiences or not having any good support can always lead to the development of PTSD. It's so important to talk about your experiences especially ones that bother you!!

09/12/2020
Avatar for Tai Moore
Tai Moore • COMPLETED LESSON

Since cortisol can trigger that fight or flight or freeze I think our levels have alot to do with developing PTSD as well as nature/nurture issues. Making sure we get assistance quickly can help the depth of development.

09/12/2020
Avatar for Madison Dressler
Madison Dressler • COMPLETED LESSON

PTSD can be caused by many things. It could be something small or something very traumatic. I think having a bad situation while growing up or not having someone to lean on can also cause it. Preventing it can be very hard. We don't know what will happen in different people's lives and we don't know what will trigger people. I think helping people cope with it after the fact is the best way to go about it.

09/12/2020
Avatar for Casey Kinson
Casey Kinson • COMPLETED LESSON

I believe that when people experience a traumatic event, people like to bury that deep inside their mind without talking about it or facing what has happened. Speaking about a situation that is traumatic with a professional can be of much help to try to cope with that has happened. There is also medications that can help too.

09/12/2020
Avatar for Bridget Federico
Bridget Federico • COMPLETED LESSON

I think a huge difference could be made in making mental illnesses in general to normalize talking about it. Just like any illness process, it is easier to get through the disease process and *********** with understanding and support. As mentioned in the video the freeze effects of PTSD often leads to isolation and leads them further and further into helplessness. When in reality the person suffering was strong enough to make it through trauma and to be able to discuss both the trauma and strength it took them to survive that, and the strength it takes to get through each day while your mind and body is suffering. It could help bring a sense of acceptance, ease, and give them the extra help or push needed to get through the day. Also a more common acceptance of the process itself and an understanding of allowing a person struggling with PTSD to have time to come back to a calm before continuing with the day or task at hand to allow a feeling of competence to be restored.

09/12/2020
Avatar for Bridget Federico
Bridget Federico • COMPLETED LESSON

Allowing open conversation and giving support to a person suffering from PTSD will help that person feel less obscure and prevent them from feeling totally hopeless and alone. The same way someone suffering from a physiological illness can benefit from support from their loved ones psychological illnesses are the same way, if not more needing of understanding and encouragement from the people around them. Allowing them the time and environment needed to get through an episode before resuming daily activities should be given the same understanding as a patient receiving dialysis or other ***********. An overall more accepting culture for mental illnesses would both be a good way to prevent and help treat them.

09/12/2020
Avatar for arriel zwelling
arriel zwelling • COMPLETED LESSON

There are a combination of emotions, events, triggers, stressors, and traumas and how they build up together in your life that contribute to developing PTSD. These things can cause depression, and even suicidal ideations depending on how severe the experience is for the person. The number one way of preventing PTSD from developing is to seek help, counseling and *********** immediately to begin coping, healing and letting go of the situation that has caused the person to suffer.

09/12/2020
Avatar for LaViana Lee
LaViana Lee • COMPLETED LESSON

Of course there are many negative stimuli such as abuse, violence or death that can contribute to PTSD but lack of exposure in general can contribute as well. If someone has had a sheltered life or has never been taught effective ways to handle stress this can also be a contributing factor. While there aren't many ways to prepare people for particular traumas before they are occur, teaching how to deal with trauma immediately after it happens can certainly help. This same method can help prevent PTSD, by making sure family and friends are supportive and empathic we can be more proactive rather than reactive.

09/12/2020
Avatar for Nick Goff
Nick Goff • COMPLETED LESSON

Brain development and the wiring between neurons. I think that somehow there is a fast lane for the emotional response brought on by specific triggers to a traumatic event. There is such a fast connection between the perceived trigger, the long term memory of the event and several different areas of the brain that elicit an emotional and hormonal response. Memory through repetition creates a strong ability to recall information. The trauma is able to elicit a CNS response to avoid something that was harmful enough to the person that the subconscious replays that event over and over like a forced game of bad memory.

Preventing PTSD from developing is like trying to find a way to eliminate fear. It's far better to accept fear as a normal response and attempt to overcome a fear than it is to try and avoid fear forever. Tuning down the hormonal response over a period of time and turning the subconscious negative game of memory to a conscious effort may be the best solution.

09/12/2020
Avatar for Katelyn Parker
Katelyn Parker • COMPLETED LESSON

I think anything can really contribute to PTSD. I think a big one is the person trying to get help. I know it must not be easy asking for help let alone talking about it. I feel that experience itself can exasperate PTSD. I feel trying to get that person to a therapist to try and work through things that they are feeling and experiencing to help it from developing.

09/12/2020
Avatar for Amy Albert
Amy Albert • COMPLETED LESSON

Childhood abuse and trauma is well known to cause PTSD in adolescents and adults. While a child's brain is still pliable, a traumatic incident can have lasting effects on their future development. As nurses (and mandated reporters,) we can prevent PTSD from developing by recognizing the signs and symptoms of child abuse, and reporting suspected cases of abuse immediately.

09/12/2020
Avatar for Tracy Krajewski
Tracy Krajewski • COMPLETED LESSON

There are many physical activities that can trigger a persons PTSD but I definitely think stress and depression could be emotional triggers as well. Also family history, being raised around a significant provider with a mental disorder can cause multiple PTSD events. Or a veteran who served in our military for many years during a war. As far as our soldiers are concerned, we should be evaluating a persons mental status as soon as basic training. Also provide mandatory services the soldier should attend such as preparing them for real war expectations and outcomes. I'm sure there is a pre-enrollment mental evaluation now that may need to be revisited and revised frequently.

09/13/2020
Avatar for Carly Andriaccio
Carly Andriaccio • COMPLETED LESSON

The severity of the circumstances that individuals experience are likely to contribute to the development of PTSD. Soldiers, for example, often suffer from PTSD. Some may never work in a combat zone, but others do. Those individuals that work directly in combat zones are more likely to have triggers that bring back the fear of traumatic events that may have occurred. It is important to acknowledge the trauma and to provide resources to these individuals to work through it. For any individual experiencing PTSD, it is important to work through the trauma. It is important to try to help these individuals soon after traumatic events and to provide safe places that they feel comfortable discussing the fears or feelings they have towards trauma.

09/13/2020
Avatar for Erik Szewczyk
Erik Szewczyk • COMPLETED LESSON

Exposing them to those triggers in environment and bringing them in those situations ins't helpful. Or talking about those triggers when they don't want too.

09/13/2020
Avatar for christin kolli
christin kolli • COMPLETED LESSON

Eah individual is exposed to some kind of trauma in their life, that being said , we all also have different coping mechanisms. Many PTSD sufferers probably go undiagnosed because of culture, sense of not being affected, or the normalyzing of it. Police officers for instance are exposed to these situations again and again, more than the "normal" person, so they are more apt to experience PTSD. Preventing PTSD will take more understanding, more resources and research to make the clients not only feel more comfortable with awknowledging they have a problem , but helping them realize their suffering IS a problem and they dont have to suffer and they are not alone.

09/13/2020
Avatar for adreanna fulton
adreanna fulton • COMPLETED LESSON

I believe that you can not really prevent PTSD fro occurring because there are so many things that can trigger a person's PTSD but you can control how it is dealt with such as talking to a friend or precessional about your issue, avoiding things that may trigger this certain event, learned how to cope with your PTSD or manage stress.

09/13/2020
Avatar for liubava yermakova
liubava yermakova • COMPLETED LESSON

After experiencing traumatic events, many people may be in denial to what has happened and choose to ignore and not treat their symptoms which can develop into severe PTSD. I think it is important to provide *********** services at an affordable price and increase the variety in *********** so more people are comfortable enough to seek help. Often it is difficult for these types of individuals to open up to the people they are close with which can contribute to why people do not choose to get treated earlier than later.

09/13/2020
Avatar for Jessica Koroll
Jessica Koroll • COMPLETED LESSON

There are many factors that can contribute to developing PTSD. Trauma, war zone exposure, abuse as an adult/child, mental illness and so many more events that you could think of. I do not believe that PTSD can be prevented but I do think that the way we respond to triggers related to the trauma can be managed in a better way if we have early therapy. Being an individual with PTSD support is extremely important when experiencing PTSD.

09/13/2020
Avatar for Shaela Patterson
Shaela Patterson • COMPLETED LESSON

There are many things that can contribute to developing PTSD for example the way you were raised, the things you experienced during that time and the resources or lack there of to help cope with those experiences. Dealing with traumas but having no outlet is what i believe makes a difference in how you can prevent PTSD from developing. Things in our lives happen beyond our control but taking the initiative to seek help from a mental health professional or even recommending a friend/family member to one will make all of the difference. Its about taking those steps towards *********** and further prevention.

09/13/2020
Avatar for jessica hull
jessica hull • COMPLETED LESSON

I think that society and social media and the news really can contribute to PTSD. There is so much someone can be exposed to through all of those things. To prevent PTSD from happening, we need to limit what we are exposing ourselves to and be more open.

09/13/2020
Avatar for Camille Lee
Camille Lee • COMPLETED LESSON

I think our work environment plays a major role in who will experience PTSD. Jobs such a waitress, cashier, telemarketer, teacher, nurse, or any job that involves customer service is stressful. Being in a position where you are expected to service the customer no matter what and in addition perform well enough to satisfy your employer. I think this particular contributing factor to PTSD can be prevented by having a weekly in-service on how to de-escalate the situations that cause the build up of stress. Also teaching the employee how to respond to a negative situation and having someone available to step in when the situation becomes to stressful.

09/13/2020
Avatar for Tiffany Jarmuz
Tiffany Jarmuz • COMPLETED LESSON

Other things that can also contribute to developing PTSD is the isolation that may occur after a traumatic even has happened, shutting people out can make it worse on the person suffering. We live in a society where mental health is looked down upon, many people do not want to speak up if they are suffering in fear that people may judge them. We need to make children from a younger age learn that it is okay to speak up if they are going through any hard times and to never fear that someone may judge them as well as letting adults know that a traumatic event can happen anytime to anyone and if it does let them know there are ways to get help or even reach out to someone willing to listen.

09/13/2020
Avatar for Sarah Kuciel
Sarah Kuciel • COMPLETED LESSON

I think experiencing a distressing situation without having a proper support system to turn to could contribute to developing PTSD. People tend to believe that only people who have gone to war have PTSD, however, anyone who has experienced any sort of traumatic event can develop PTSD. If people have a strong support system and have resources they can seek out for help, I believe they would be less likely to develop PTSD. People who struggle with trauma already likely feel very isolated and misunderstood. For this reason, it is important to listen to and validate the feelings of those struggling with dealing with trauma.

09/13/2020
Avatar for destiny goff
destiny goff • COMPLETED LESSON

Acknowledging mental health illnesses as an important part of well rounded health care could contribute to preventing the development of PTSD. Listening to patients about their current life styles and helping them seek a trusted person to confide in is important because it could be dangerous to vent to the wrong person which could then result in a more detriment situation which could then lead to the development of PTSD. Being diligent about our children and who we surround them with is another important part of preventing PTSD related to childhood bullying which is not only done in schools but now reaches home due to the increase of technology. We as the future parents need to teach and reinforce to our children to treat each other how we want to be treated and to understand that we are accountable for what we say and do. This can help prevent bullying which can help decrease the incidence of childhood PTSD.

09/13/2020
Avatar for sarah Singletary
sarah Singletary • COMPLETED LESSON

Some factors that could also contribute to developing PTSD are the lack of emotional support from family and friends when traumatic events occur. We can prevent PTSD from developing by seeking help if the feelings last more than a month and seek a medical professional to correct the problems before they worsen.

09/13/2020
Avatar for Melissa DiNardo
Melissa DiNardo • COMPLETED LESSON

I think that everyone deals with trauma and stress in different ways. I think that people who do not have effective coping skills will be at a higher risk for PTSD because they do not know how to deal with the trauma in a healthy way. I think a way to present PTSD from happening would be getting people to discuss things that have happened to them so it is not buried deep inside them. Talking about a traumatic event can be very theraputic.

09/14/2020
Avatar for Aimee Ackerman
Aimee Ackerman • LESSON IN PROGRESS

Several things can contribute to PTSD and it can be more than one factor. I am not sure that we can prevent PTSD. It is something that happens and most times we do not have a say when a trauma, etc will happen. I think we have to live through it and learn how certain situations affect especially after we discover that that trauma is affecting us in a specific way.

09/14/2020
Avatar for anita Dent
anita Dent • LESSON IN PROGRESS

The mental capacity of someone, if they do not understand, anything may trigger PTSD ex. clowns as a child are supposed to be fun but if the child is sacred by a clown making them a balloon figure and it pops and scares them they may associate clowns with the loud noise that scared them. I think that if we talk about our experience and try to overcome the fear that has us traumatised causing the ptsd that maybe we can overcome some of it and maybe not get triggered as much or often.

09/14/2020
Avatar for Ryanelle Fuqua
Ryanelle Fuqua • COMPLETED LESSON

Not knowing the cause or how to cope with a trigger that will cause a reaction to a stimulus can contribute to developing PTSD. To prevent PTSD from developing it would be good to talk to someone, don't keep feelings inside. Speak with. a friend who understands and listens, speak with a therapist, or *********. Try to get help with learning their specific condition and how to live a full life and understand that there are people who want to help them. They do not need to feel alone.

09/14/2020
Avatar for Cristina Gozdalski
Cristina Gozdalski • COMPLETED LESSON

There are many risk factors that can lead to someone developing PTSD. Some risk factors include trauma, being in war, mental illness or previous/history of trauma. Prevention of PTSD may include relaxation techniques, psychotherapy and medication management.

09/14/2020
Avatar for Ryanelle Fuqua
Ryanelle Fuqua • COMPLETED LESSON

Speak with. a friend who understands and listens, speak with a therapist, or primary care physician.

09/14/2020 • 
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Avatar for Kira Sweet
Kira Sweet • COMPLETED LESSON

I think that social media can also be a big contributor to PTSD development. In this new digital age, we tend to live our lives vicariously through our phone screens, investing more and more into the lives of others and almost believing that we are also having the same exact experience as our friends on Facebook. We can prevent PTSD from developing by taking a moment to become more self-aware. By removing ourselves from our phones and others for a bit can help create more inner peace and calmness which will essentially benefit daily lives.

09/14/2020
Avatar for stacie andrew
stacie andrew • COMPLETED LESSON

Sometimes things that we go through in life we never forget, maybe something we’ve seen or experienced. I feel as though ptsd cannot be prevented we just have to be caring and sensitive with each other. Everyone handles things differently.

09/14/2020
Avatar for Maely Cordoba Abreu - Student
Maely Cordoba Abreu - Student • COMPLETED LESSON

Some things that would contribute to developing PTSD could be negative emotions, the past, parents, or maybe even childhood memories that might have happened a long time a go and are very little. We can prevent PTSD from developing by talking to someone and be positive.

09/15/2020
Avatar for Emily De Wey - Student
Emily De Wey - Student • LESSON IN PROGRESS

Anxieties could also contribute to someone having PTSD, such as social anxiety and panic disorder.

09/15/2020
Avatar for AnitaJoyce Garcia
AnitaJoyce Garcia • COMPLETED LESSON

The type of repeated exposure to the experience causing stress would most likely be the biggest culprit followed by the type or severity of the situation. Reassuring people that they are in a safe place to openly discuss their concern/issues without judgement would be the most inviting way to start a conversation. Building a rapport of open honesty is essential to gaining trust and beginning the healing process

09/16/2020
Avatar for Brittany Dettman
Brittany Dettman • COMPLETED LESSON

I believe preexisting issues can contribute to determine who will experience PTSD but also how they will cope with a stressful event. For example someone who hasn't experiences traumatic events in the past might not handle the stress as well as someone who has experienced multiple traumatic events. I think how they grew up, if they had emotional support, or their home life, histories, financial situations etc. Even Normal life stressors, i feel can effect every individually differently. Not one person is the same . I believe the ways we can prevent PTSD from developing is early communications, and seeing help before the PTSD starts to control your everyday living.

09/17/2020
Avatar for joelle bartula
joelle bartula • COMPLETED LESSON

A contributing factor to developing PTSD could be a person who has generalized anxiety already or a high stress level to begin with. Any person who has a mental health issue could be more prone to developing PTSD at any given situation where a person who is mental and physically stable may be able to move on from the experience without any deficits or ongoing problems brought on by PTSD for their future. Preventing PTSD from developing would be a difficult task but maybe by getting counseling and therapy immediately after the traumatizing event would lessen the chance of developing PTSD down the road. Having family and social support and talking about the situation may also be helpful in minimizing the chances of PTSD developing .
Joelle Bartula

09/17/2020
Avatar for alexa pedacchio
alexa pedacchio • COMPLETED LESSON

Fear contributes to PTSD, fear that whatever happened will happen again or have the memories of the trauma feel like real life. for example someone who was in a car accident may fear going in a vehicle again, or loud sounds may trigger the ptsd. Being there for the person can help prevent PTSD from developing further but Im not sure it can be prevented all together. Letting the person know that they are safe, they are not alone- they have a support system to discuss the fears or triggers with to help cope better.

09/17/2020
Avatar for Kendra Lampke
Kendra Lampke • COMPLETED LESSON

Having a support system during that time of trauma is critical because without it that person is more likely to deal with it alone or not at all leading to PTSD. Having more people to have as a support system would be best way to prevent PTSD also seeing a therapist to work out the negative thoughts and feeling. Training people how to notice signs and symptoms of PTSD in healthcare would help with the illness also having less to no stigma related to mentall illness. If there was less stigma people might be more willing to get help and not think things like "I'm not crazy I don't need a therapist."

09/18/2020
Avatar for Domenic Rao
Domenic Rao • COMPLETED LESSON

In addition to the already known preexisting issues that contribute to who experiences PTSD, ineffective coping with trauma could potentially determine who is more likely to experience PTSD. With ineffective coping, a person still has an open psychological wound. This would most definitely cause a person to experience anxiety, resentment, guilt, or anger. These emotions are causing continuous norepinephrine (NE) release from the kidneys along with the stress hormone, cortisol. Cortisol and NE release control the fight, flight, or freeze response seen with PTSD. When an individual experiences trauma it is important for them to have a network, or at least a single person that they can turn to. Be there for the people in your life and let them know that you are there for them. Even if you are unequipped to help, tell them to get help. It's 2020, resources for mental health are available (in-person, telemedicine, texting, phone, clinics, internet, etc.). Victims, you are not alone.

09/18/2020
Avatar for Brittany R
Brittany R • LESSON IN PROGRESS

genetics, social/environmental factors, support systems or lack thereof. Education, social support, healthy behavioral patterns, healthy coping skills.

09/18/2020
Avatar for chandan tiwana
chandan tiwana • COMPLETED LESSON

Flashbacks and nightmares and things that remind them of that traumatic event can further enhance PTSD. I feel like diverting your mind away from the traumatic event and getting medical therapy with it is the best way to cure PTSD. Sometimes time can cure the PTSD but for many that is not the case. Some techniques to divert the mind is exercising, spending time with your loved ones or doing anything you like to do.

09/19/2020
Avatar for Sydney Frazier
Sydney Frazier • COMPLETED LESSON

I believe that PTSD could also be brought on by drug use that could put people into very complicated situations that can become triggers to someone resulting in PTSD. I don't think we can truly prevent PTSD from developing but we definitely can lessen the amount of people it may happen to by promoting mental health care as much as we promote physical health care.

09/22/2020
Avatar for sarah dytschkowskyj
sarah dytschkowskyj • COMPLETED LESSON

Along with the trauma, there could be some predisposing genetic factors that make someone more susceptible to increase cortisol level release. This in turn can cause someone to be more anxious which in turn would increase the chances of PTSD and the affects of PTSD. Another factor that can contribute to developing PTSD is not having emotional support or the person feels like they are not being believed or understood.

09/27/2020
Avatar for Jooha Kim
Jooha Kim • COMPLETED LESSON

Stress and negative thoughts can develop PTSD more but we can prevent it by having positive mind and talking to people near me.

11/10/2020
Avatar for JAALYNN PERKINS
JAALYNN PERKINS • COMPLETED LESSON

Developing PTSD cold be contributed by being in the war or getting shot or run over, or pretty much anything. And you can prevent PTSD by getting treatment, like Exposure therapy.

11/16/2020
Avatar for JESUS ANDRADE OCHOA
JESUS ANDRADE OCHOA • COMPLETED LESSON

The dominant factor is the global pandemic we are going through, due to the deaths of close family members or job losses. The cases can be reduced by making psychoeducation proposals to the most vulnerable population, making known assertive tools to face the problems.

06/05/2021
Avatar for LESLY PAMELA HERAS CALLE
LESLY PAMELA HERAS CALLE • COMPLETED LESSON

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental health illness triggered by a terrifying situation, whether you've experienced it or witnessed it. Symptoms can include flashbacks, nightmares, and severe distress, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the situation.

06/18/2021 • 
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