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How menstruation works - Emma Bryce

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At this moment, three hundred million women across the planet are experiencing the same thing: a period. The monthly menstrual cycle that gives rise to the period is a reality that most women on Earth will go through in their lives. But why is this cycle so universal? And what makes it a cycle in the first place? Emma Bryce gives a primer on periods.

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Meet The Creators

  • Educator Emma Bryce
  • Director Tolga Yıldız, Serin İnan
  • Animator Tuncay Çetin
  • Composer Cem Misirlioglu
  • Narrator Susan Zimmerman
Additional Resources for you to Explore
What is the period? Read this summary. You'll probably want to learn even more about this fascinating biological process: the Mayo Clinic has a full explanation of what menstruation is, what to expect, what's normal, and what's considered medically irregular. The U.K.'s National Health Service also provides a guide to the period, and what happens during ovulation. This resource will give you even more information about the intricate ovulation process.

You may also want to read up in more detail about the various hormones that control the menstrual cycle. See here and here for information about follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estrogen, and progesterone. Curious about the role of the pituitary in all of this? See here and here to find out more.

When it comes to the female reproductive system, there are a lot of words to grasp: here are some sources that will help you understand more about ovaries, their follicles, and the miniscule oocytes within. This resource will give you a good sense of how the ovarian follicle matures in response to the body's hormones. Meanwhile, here's a web page with a helpful diagram that explains in detail how fertilization actually happens.

Finally, here's a helpful, detailed guide for anyone curious about what to expect during a first period. And, if you're interested in the evolutionary basis of this biological process, take a look at this TED-Ed video, which explains why women get periods in the first place. The answer might not be what you expect!
Avatar for Noah Tavlin
Lesson Creator
People across the planet experience periods, and yet, sometimes it's considered taboo to talk about the menstrual cycle. Why do you think that's the case, ad how could we go about changing this situation?
11/11/2015
Avatar for Susana Caicedo
Susana Caicedo • LESSON IN PROGRESS

In my opinion, menstruation and periods are considered taboo due to ignorance, not no mention the fact that women reinforce this taboo by feeling ashamed to talk about this natural process. Therefore the way we can go about it is by educating people, just like TED Lessons do.

01/17/2016
Avatar for Ellen Johnston
Ellen Johnston • COMPLETED LESSON

I think it's tabloo to talk able menstration because only half of the population experiences it.
A place to start is acknowledging the difficulty faced by those who struggle to access what they need during their monthly. Here's a great article on the cost of menstration among the low-income community in the US. https://medium.com/@lauraepsteinnorris/blood-in-the-streets-bf578a1b9634#.tphpd02k0. Also groups in the US and UK have both tried to eliminate additional sales or luxury tax on feminie products whoch would make these products easier to access.

01/18/2016
Avatar for Ellen Johnston
Ellen Johnston • COMPLETED LESSON

Some interesting inventions have been introduced lately to help destigmatize or make menstruation a more affordable. The Diva or Moon Cup is a greener alternative to tampons or heavy pads. http://divacup.com/. SheThinx is designing period friendly underwear with built in liners and working to provide reusable pads in Uganda. http://www.shethinx.com/pages/power-of-the-purchase
Both initiatives are looking for greener alternatives and in the long run more cost effective ways for women to choose how to handle their cycles.

01/18/2016
Avatar for Natalie Sanchez
Natalie Sanchez • LESSON IN PROGRESS

I think it is taboo because people don't want to talk it. We can change this by talking about this more often even if others think it is embarrassing or dirty.

02/29/2016
Avatar for Abel Martinez
Abel Martinez • LESSON IN PROGRESS

Some people don't like talking about it.

03/21/2016
Avatar for francisco chavez
francisco chavez • COMPLETED LESSON

some people may feel unconfortable so they may not like talking about their period.

03/21/2016
Avatar for Elijah Weston
Elijah Weston • COMPLETED LESSON

Because i just may be a little uncomfortable to talk about. i am not a women but i could see how this could feel a little awkward to express. to change this they could really uses someone to talk to someone who has experienced the same thing so that it wont be as hard to talk about.

03/21/2016
Avatar for Naomi Jameson
Naomi Jameson • COMPLETED LESSON

I am contributing to this discussion as a woman who would feel very awkward if I had to talk about periods with anybody:
I think people shy away from talking about menstruation for the same reasons many people don't like to talk about other natural bodily functions, especially those that everybody deals with from the privacy of a restroom.

I agree that in some countries, certain sexist societies and a lack of education for many are huge problems and by addressing these the situation could be changed for the better.

However, unless the taboo is lifted on talking about what all people, both male and female deal with behind closed toilet cubicle doors. I don't think the taboo on talking about menstruation will ever go away, even if it is natural and nothing for anybody to ever feel ashamed of. And as long as we're not discriminated for having periods, I don't think it matters that much that people don't like to talk about it.

03/28/2016
Avatar for Jacqueline Austin
Jacqueline Austin • LESSON IN PROGRESS

People just don't feel comfortable to be talking about blood coming out in-between their legs.

06/09/2016
Avatar for raahim memon
raahim memon • COMPLETED LESSON

Especially those that everybody deals with from the privacy of a restroom.I agree that in some countries, certain sexist societies and a lack of education for many are huge problems and by addressing these the situation could be changed for the better.However, unless the taboo is lifted on talking about what all people, both male and female deal with behind closed toilet cubicle doors. I don't think the taboo on talking about menstruation will ever go away, even if it is natural and nothing for anybody to ever feel ashamed of. And as long as we're not discriminated for having periods,

08/21/2016
Avatar for logan marsh
logan marsh • COMPLETED LESSON

why

11/26/2018
Avatar for lilian newton
lilian newton • COMPLETED LESSON

we shouldnt change its fine as it is

11/26/2018
Avatar for Jordyn Wenzel
Jordyn Wenzel • COMPLETED LESSON

A lot of people think that periods are weird when they're really just a way of life because if women did have periods then they wouldn't know if they are pregnant or not so it's not something to hide because all women go through it in there life so instead of hiding from it they should embrace it because we all go through it

11/26/2018
Avatar for logan marsh
logan marsh • COMPLETED LESSON

why

11/26/2018 • 
IN RESPONSE TO Jordyn Wenzel Show the comment
Avatar for logan marsh
logan marsh • COMPLETED LESSON

many woman go throw diffrent stages of life and one of them is pubty it is hard to face but we all woman go throw it there is no way of avoiding it

flag this

11/26/2018 • 
IN RESPONSE TO logan marsh Show the comment
Avatar for Matt H
Matt H • LESSON IN PROGRESS

In my opinion, I find discussing this in especially in class.

11/26/2018
Avatar for Lachlan Hickey
Lachlan Hickey • COMPLETED LESSON

I don't like the thought of it because its like blood and tissue building up.

11/26/2018
Avatar for Jordyn Wenzel
Jordyn Wenzel • COMPLETED LESSON

It is important to remember that every girl goes through their period so instead of questioning it's best to just roll with it because if people continue to ask the question why then no one will want to say why it's important

11/27/2018 • 
IN RESPONSE TO logan marsh Show the comment
Avatar for Hannah Bortz
Hannah Bortz • LESSON IN PROGRESS

I think it's all about how you were raised and what you are comfortable with talking about and sharing. I grew up with 3 sisters and a super open family so it was never weird to talk about in our house or say that we are on our period. But I remember when I first got my period in middle school I was so embarrassed. I think that it's just awkward to talk about with people you aren't comfortable with. I'm not sure what the answer to changing this is but I do think society is becoming more open and accepting as a whole... maybe that will help!

04/21/2020
Avatar for Evelyn Mai
Evelyn Mai • COMPLETED LESSON

Most women who experience period may feel uncomfortable talking about this with another person, but is the reality is something that cannot be change the period is a stage of the woman's life, however, parents must change this by having more communication with them daughters and letting them know that they should not be ashamed of something normal in girls, and letting the boys understand that they should not judge a woman for her period because it is something normal.

02/04/2021
Avatar for Wiktoria Oleniacz
Wiktoria Oleniacz • LESSON IN PROGRESS

I'm curious . Why women dont like talk about period. What is awkward in this topic? Period is normal thing like going everyday to the toilet. We have to be more confidence about our cycle and body.

04/29/2021

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About TED-Ed Animations

TED-Ed Animations feature the words and ideas of educators brought to life by professional animators. Are you an educator or animator interested in creating a TED-Ed Animation? Nominate yourself here »

Meet The Creators

  • Educator Emma Bryce
  • Director Tolga Yıldız, Serin İnan
  • Animator Tuncay Çetin
  • Composer Cem Misirlioglu
  • Narrator Susan Zimmerman